Projects

The Normative Integration Regime: How Differential Expectations Shape Immigrant Societies (2026-2027)

Beyond formal immigration policies, societies hold unwritten expectations about how immigrants should behave—but we lack systematic evidence on these rules. Do people expect more from immigrants than from others? Do they think society is stricter than it actually is? This research surveys 2,500 Dutch residents to map these expectations across everyday behaviours like civic participation, cultural practices, and social interactions. By comparing what people personally believe with what they think others expect, and examining whether identical behaviours are judged differently depending on who performs them, the study reveals how informal expectations shape integration debates and policy preferences in diverse societies.

Pilot study on the migration bias in integration norms in Switzerland DOI

Funded by the Dutch Research Council (NWO Open competition grant)

Expected start: September 2026

Connecting countries and dividing people: The politics of burden-sharing in European migration governance (2023-2027)

Migration is both the most visible consequence of globalisation and the the main factor behind the political backlash against a more interconnected world. European countries experience a growing number of immigrants, which is leading to a mounting political crisis in the absence of adequate governance responses. The conjuncture of open borders within Europe and exposure to external immigration requires collective efforts to effectively govern migration through burden-sharing. This project seeks to understand how the contrasting pressures stemming from this functional interdependence and domestic political contestation shape the politics of burden-sharing in refugee protection and in migration control: When and how do European countries contribute to European burden-sharing in migration governance? What interests and ideas drive burden-sharing politics in European democracies?

To address these questions, I develop an innovative conceptual and theoretical framework of burden-sharing politics that combines an international relations perspective on functional interdependence and international norms with a comparative politics perspective on identitarian politics and domestic politicisation. I propose the concept of multi- level burden-sharing where European countries contribute to collective migration governance across three levels of policy-making - through their domestic legislation, through their participation in the common European migration policy and through their cooperation with third countries. I seek to explain states’ burden-sharing behaviour by com- bining a interest-based perspective of exposure to international migration and an idea-based perspective of values and identities mobilised in response to immigration. I focus on two key policy areas of migration governance that differ in terms of how they incorporate interests and ideas: refugee protection and migration control.

The research design combines a quantitative-comparative analysis of policy outcomes (Work Package 1) with comparative case studies to examine domestic policy processes (Work Package 2). WP 1 builds a comprehensive burden-sharing index that covers 31 European countries between 1990 and 2020 to identify the explanatory factors behind states’ contributions to European burden-sharing. WP2 investigates domestic preference formation and the political conflict surrounding burden-sharing in three countries with different migration contexts (Germany, Italy, Hungary). I do so by conducting survey experiments among citizens and analysing national parliamentary debates. The combination of macro- and micro-level evidence allows me to draw conclusions about the nature and determinants of burden-sharing politics, as well as the prospects and the limitations of European migration governance. In sum, the project develops an ambitious research agenda meant to break new conceptual and empirical ground in the study of European migration governance. Its integrative theoretical framework and innovative empirical mea- surements shed light on the fundamental challenge of migration policy-making in our time of contested globalisation. The findings will reveal the underlying drivers and resulting outcomes of burden-sharing politics and thereby help scholars and policy-makers to better understand and address the contemporary crisis in migration governance.

Funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Ambizione grant)

Project collaborators: Maud Bachelet, Frowin Rausis, Walter Bartl, Ben Crum, Diego Caballero-Velez, Florian Trauner, Philipp Stutz

Project outline and publications can be found here.

The Dublin Explorer

An interactive dashboard accompanying my work on the fairness of asylum responsibility-sharing in the European Union. It lets users explore patterns in Dublin transfers across member states.

If the dashboard does not load above, you can open it directly.

Migration Governance through Trade Mobilities (2019-2022)

International trade and migration are two important facets of an increasingly interconnected world, yet the links between trade and migration policies remain little researched. States have progressively used trade agreements to govern different aspects of international migration, such as facilitating international mobility, strengthening migration control, or protecting migrant rights. Firstly, we study the drivers and configuration of migration provisions in trade agreements worldwide. For this purpose, we compile a comprehensive database of migration-related content in preferential trade agreements since 1960. Secondly, our project assesses how migration provisions in trade agreements are implemented in national immigration regimes and how they create privileges or disadvantages for different migrants and people on the move through case studies. We focus on four developed economies, two of which belong to a regional economic community and two in the same region which do not: Germany (EU), Switzerland, Singapore (ASEAN), and Japan.

Funded through the SNF research programme ‘nccr on the move’.

Project collaborators: Sandra Lavenex, Paula Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik, Mariana Alvarado, Julia Gubler, Laura Mauricio